Coimbra Living lab data dashboard

Living Lab

Coimbra

Population

140816

Area (km²)

201

Shared Mobility Services in this Living Lab

Carsharing
Micromobility
Ride hailing

Policy Measures

Push measures

Push measures are restrictions designed to discourage private car use and reduce car dominance in urban environments.

Parking charges

Parking charges

Increased parking fees to discourage long-term car use and promote modal shift.

Restricted parking

Restricted parking

Reductions in available public parking to limit car access, especially in central zones.

Limited traffic zone/Pedestrianisation of streets

Limited traffic zone/Pedestrianisation of streets

Car-free or low-emission zones that prioritize pedestrians, cyclists, and shared mobility.

Pull measures

Pull measures are incentives and improvements that make shared mobility and public transport more attractive and accessible.

Mobility hubs

Mobility hubs

Centralized locations where multiple transport modes (e.g., bikes, buses, taxis) are integrated.

Ticketing integration in MaaS services

Ticketing integration in MaaS services

Unified or digital ticketing across services to simplify travel.

Improved NSM infrastructure, e.g. bike lanes & "park & ride"

Improved NSM infrastructure, e.g. bike lanes & "park & ride"

New infrastructure like bike lanes, "park & ride" stations to support non-car travel.

On demand vehicle sharing action plan

On demand vehicle sharing action plan

Access to shared vehicles (cars, bikes, e-scooters) on demand via apps or stations.

Introduction of new NSM services

Introduction of new NSM services

Launch of bike-sharing, scooter-sharing, or other new transport options.

Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)

Modal Split
Modal Split in vehicle kilometers
2023
  • Private Car92.2%
  • Bicycle (or e-bike)3.7%
  • Walking1.6%
  • Bus1.3%
  • Motorcycle / Scooter0.5%
  • Carsharing0.3%
  • Micromobility0.2%
  • Ride hailing0.1%
  • Train0%
  • 2026
  • Private Car92%
  • Bus3%
  • Bicycle (or e-bike)3%
  • Walking1.6%
  • Train0.1%
  • Motorcycle / Scooter0%
  • Carsharing0%
  • Micromobility0%
  • Modal Split in passenger kilometers
    2023
  • Private Car61%
  • Bus35.1%
  • Bicycle (or e-bike)2%
  • Walking0.9%
  • Motorcycle / Scooter0.3%
  • Carsharing0.3%
  • Train0.2%
  • Micromobility0.1%
  • Ride hailing0.1%
  • 2026
  • Bus56%
  • Private Car41%
  • Bicycle (or e-bike)1%
  • Walking1%
  • Train1%
  • Motorcycle / Scooter0%
  • Carsharing0%
  • Micromobility0%
  • Modal Split in trips
    2023
  • Private Car60.3%
  • Bus32.1%
  • Bicycle (or e-bike)3.1%
  • Walking2.6%
  • Ride hailing0.7%
  • Train0.5%
  • Motorcycle / Scooter0.2%
  • Carsharing0.2%
  • Micromobility0.2%
  • 2026
  • Bus54.4%
  • Private Car39%
  • Walking2.1%
  • Train2.1%
  • Ride hailing1.5%
  • Bicycle (or e-bike)1%
  • Motorcycle / Scooter0%
  • Carsharing0%
  • Micromobility0%
  • Policies
    Intention level to use NSM
    % of respondents intending to use of continue using NSM

    car-sharing

    28%

    Sep 2023
    28%in Sep 2023 (0.00%)

    micro-mobility

    28%

    Sep 2023
    28%in Sep 2023 (0.00%)

    ride-hailing

    43%

    Sep 2023
    43%in Sep 2023 (0.00%)
    Balance of pull - push measures

    planned measures

    4.7x

    Sep 2023
    4.7xin Sep 2023 (0.00x)

    implemented measures

    3.1x

    Sep 2023
    3.1xin Sep 2023 (0.00x)
    Community Involvement
    number of activities organized

    1

    March 2026

    2 in 2023

    -1.00
    Level of completion of SUMP measures
    % of measures completed

    100%

    March 2026

    33% in 2023

    +66.70%
    Number of NSM integrated in the system
    number of services integrated

    5

    September 2024

    4 in 2023

    +1.00
    Acceptance level of planned/implemented measures
    % of respondents who accept the planned/implemented measures

    29%

    September 2023

    29% in 2023

    0.00%
    Transport System - Time
    Perceived door-to-door travel time ratio
    time ratio of NSM+PT over private car

    taxi [off-peak]

    1.1x

    Apr 2026
    0.8xin Sep 2023 (-0.27x)

    public transport [off-peak]

    2.6x

    Apr 2026
    2.4xin Sep 2023 (-0.26x)

    bicycle [off - peak]

    3.3x

    Apr 2026
    1.8xin Sep 2023 (-1.50x)

    taxi [peak]

    1.0x

    Apr 2026
    0.7xin Sep 2023 (-0.32x)

    public transport [peak]

    1.9x

    Apr 2026
    1.7xin Sep 2023 (-0.22x)

    bicycle [peak]

    2.1x

    Apr 2026
    1.1xin Sep 2023 (-1.04x)
    Actual door-to-door travel time
    time ratio of NSM+PT over private car

    ride-hailing and shuttle services only

    0.8x

    Sep 2023
    0.8xin Sep 2023 (0.00x)

    public Transport only

    1.8x

    Sep 2023
    1.8xin Sep 2023 (0.00x)

    public transport and micro-mobility

    1.6x

    Sep 2023
    1.6xin Sep 2023 (0.00x)

    public transport and ride-hailing or shuttle services

    1.7x

    Sep 2023
    1.7xin Sep 2023 (0.00x)
    Transport System - Safety/Comfort
    Perceived safety diff
    safety levels (from -5 to 5)

    personal safety diff - taxi

    -1.4854

    Apr 2026
    -1.37619in Sep 2023 (-0.11)

    personal safety diff - public transport

    -1.5243

    Apr 2026
    -1.528571in Sep 2023 (+0.00)

    personal safety diff - bicycle

    -1.3689

    Apr 2026
    -1.414286in Sep 2023 (+0.05)

    traffic safety diff - taxi

    -0.2816

    Apr 2026
    -0.2714286in Sep 2023 (-0.01)

    safety diff - public transport

    0.12621

    Apr 2026
    0.05238095in Sep 2023 (+0.07)

    safety diff - bicycle

    -1.1456

    Apr 2026
    -1.285714in Sep 2023 (+0.14)
    Active mobility infrastructure
    % of network with active mobility infrastructure

    33%

    September 2023

    33% in 2023

    0.00%
    Multimodal integration in stations/stops
    percentage of stops with multimodal integration

    100%

    September 2023

    100% in 2023

    0.00%
    User satisfaction
    % of satisfied users

    23%

    April 2026

    24% in 2023

    -0.51%
    Transport System - Cost
    Travel cost ratio
    cost ratio of using NSM+PT over private car

    public transport #1

    0.2x

    Apr 2026
    0.1xin Sep 2023 (-0.05x)

    micro-mobility #1

    0.5x

    Apr 2026

    micro-mobility #2

    0.5x

    Apr 2026
    2.3xin Sep 2023 (+1.83x)

    ride-hailing and shuttle services #1

    1.5x

    Apr 2026
    1.3xin Sep 2023 (-0.22x)

    ride-hailing and shuttle services #2

    1.3x

    Apr 2026
    1.4xin Sep 2023 (+0.05x)
    Perceived affordability
    % of monthly household budget spent in travelling

    15%

    April 2026

    14% in 2023

    -0.81%
    Impact - Environment
    Greenhouse emissions
    tons/y/cap

    0.42

    April 2026

    0.66 in 2023

    +0.24