Coimbra — SUM Living Lab data dashboard

SUM Living Lab

Coimbra

Population

140.8K

Area (km²)

201

Shared Mobility Services in this Living Lab

Carsharing
Micromobility
Ride hailing

Policy Measures

Push measures

Push measures are restrictions designed to discourage private car use and reduce car dominance in urban environments.

Parking charges

Parking charges

Increased parking fees to discourage long-term car use and promote modal shift.

Restricted parking

Restricted parking

Reductions in available public parking to limit car access, especially in central zones.

Limited traffic zone/Pedestrianisation of streets

Limited traffic zone/Pedestrianisation of streets

Car-free or low-emission zones that prioritize pedestrians, cyclists, and shared mobility.

Pull measures

Pull measures are incentives and improvements that make shared mobility and public transport more attractive and accessible.

Mobility hubs

Mobility hubs

Centralized locations where multiple transport modes (e.g., bikes, buses, taxis) are integrated.

Ticketing integration in MaaS services

Ticketing integration in MaaS services

Unified or digital ticketing across services to simplify travel.

Improved NSM infrastructure, e.g. bike lanes & "park & ride"

Improved NSM infrastructure, e.g. bike lanes & "park & ride"

New infrastructure like bike lanes, "park & ride" stations to support non-car travel.

On demand vehicle sharing action plan

On demand vehicle sharing action plan

Access to shared vehicles (cars, bikes, e-scooters) on demand via apps or stations.

Introduction of new NSM services

Introduction of new NSM services

Launch of bike-sharing, scooter-sharing, or other new transport options.

Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)

Modal Split
Modal Split in vehicle kilometers
2023
  • Private Car92.2%
  • Bicycle (or e-bike)3.7%
  • Walking1.6%
  • Bus1.3%
  • Motorcycle / Scooter0.5%
  • Carsharing0.3%
  • Micromobility0.2%
  • Ride hailing0.1%
  • Train0%
  • 2026
  • Private Car92%
  • Bus3%
  • Bicycle (or e-bike)3%
  • Walking1.6%
  • Train0.1%
  • Motorcycle / Scooter0%
  • Carsharing0%
  • Micromobility0%
  • Modal Split in passenger kilometers
    2023
  • Private Car61%
  • Bus35.1%
  • Bicycle (or e-bike)2%
  • Walking0.9%
  • Motorcycle / Scooter0.3%
  • Carsharing0.3%
  • Train0.2%
  • Micromobility0.1%
  • Ride hailing0.1%
  • 2026
  • Bus56%
  • Private Car41%
  • Bicycle (or e-bike)1%
  • Walking1%
  • Train1%
  • Motorcycle / Scooter0%
  • Carsharing0%
  • Micromobility0%
  • Modal Split in trips
    2023
  • Private Car60.3%
  • Bus32.1%
  • Bicycle (or e-bike)3.1%
  • Walking2.6%
  • Ride hailing0.7%
  • Train0.5%
  • Motorcycle / Scooter0.2%
  • Carsharing0.2%
  • Micromobility0.2%
  • 2026
  • Bus54.4%
  • Private Car39%
  • Walking2.1%
  • Train2.1%
  • Ride hailing1.5%
  • Bicycle (or e-bike)1%
  • Motorcycle / Scooter0%
  • Carsharing0%
  • Micromobility0%
  • Transport System - Time
    Perceived door-to-door travel time ratio
    time ratio of NSM+PT over private car

    ratio · Lower is better

    taxi [off-peak]

    Lower is better · ratio

    1.1x

    Apr 2026
    0.8xin Sep 2023 (-0.27x)

    public transport [off-peak]

    Lower is better · ratio

    2.6x

    Apr 2026
    2.4xin Sep 2023 (-0.26x)

    bicycle [off - peak]

    Lower is better · ratio

    3.3x

    Apr 2026
    1.8xin Sep 2023 (-1.50x)

    taxi [peak]

    Lower is better · ratio

    1.0x

    Apr 2026
    0.7xin Sep 2023 (-0.32x)

    public transport [peak]

    Lower is better · ratio

    1.9x

    Apr 2026
    1.7xin Sep 2023 (-0.22x)

    bicycle [peak]

    Lower is better · ratio

    2.1x

    Apr 2026
    1.1xin Sep 2023 (-1.04x)
    Actual door-to-door travel time
    time ratio of NSM+PT over private car

    ratio · Lower is better

    ride-hailing and shuttle services only

    ratio · Lower is better

    0.8x

    September 2023

    Baseline only — no follow-up yetLast updated: October 2025

    public Transport only

    ratio · Lower is better

    1.8x

    September 2023

    Baseline only — no follow-up yetLast updated: October 2025

    public transport and micro-mobility

    ratio · Lower is better

    1.6x

    September 2023

    Baseline only — no follow-up yetLast updated: October 2025

    public transport and ride-hailing or shuttle services

    ratio · Lower is better

    1.7x

    September 2023

    Baseline only — no follow-up yetLast updated: October 2025
    Transport System - Safety/Comfort
    Perceived safety diff
    safety levels (from -5 to 5)

    score · Higher is better

    personal safety diff - taxi

    Higher is better · score

    -1.4854

    Apr 2026
    -1.37619in Sep 2023 (-0.11)

    personal safety diff - public transport

    Higher is better · score

    -1.5243

    Apr 2026
    -1.528571in Sep 2023 (+0.00)

    personal safety diff - bicycle

    Higher is better · score

    -1.3689

    Apr 2026
    -1.414286in Sep 2023 (+0.05)

    traffic safety diff - taxi

    Higher is better · score

    -0.2816

    Apr 2026
    -0.2714286in Sep 2023 (-0.01)

    safety diff - public transport

    Higher is better · score

    0.12621

    Apr 2026
    0.05238095in Sep 2023 (+0.07)

    safety diff - bicycle

    Higher is better · score

    -1.1456

    Apr 2026
    -1.285714in Sep 2023 (+0.14)
    Active mobility infrastructure
    % of network with active mobility infrastructure

    % · Higher is better

    % · Higher is better

    33%

    September 2023

    Baseline only — no follow-up yetLast updated: October 2025
    Period: September 2023Last updated: October 2025
    Multimodal integration in stations/stops
    percentage of stops with multimodal integration

    % · Higher is better

    % · Higher is better

    100%

    September 2023

    Baseline only — no follow-up yetLast updated: October 2025
    Period: September 2023Last updated: October 2025
    User satisfaction
    % of satisfied users

    score · Higher is better

    23%

    April 2026

    24% in 2023

    -0.51%
    Period: September 2023 – April 2026Last updated: April 2026
    Transport System - Cost
    Travel cost ratio
    cost ratio of using NSM+PT over private car

    ratio · Lower is better

    public transport #1

    Lower is better · ratio

    0.2x

    Apr 2026
    0.1xin Sep 2023 (-0.05x)

    micro-mobility #1

    Lower is better · ratio

    0.5x

    Apr 2026

    micro-mobility #2

    Lower is better · ratio

    0.5x

    Apr 2026
    2.3xin Sep 2023 (+1.83x)

    ride-hailing and shuttle services #1

    Lower is better · ratio

    1.5x

    Apr 2026
    1.3xin Sep 2023 (-0.22x)

    ride-hailing and shuttle services #2

    Lower is better · ratio

    1.3x

    Apr 2026
    1.4xin Sep 2023 (+0.05x)
    Perceived affordability
    % of monthly household budget spent in travelling

    % · Higher is better

    15%

    April 2026

    14% in 2023

    -0.81%
    Period: September 2023 – April 2026Last updated: April 2026
    Impact - Environment
    Greenhouse emissions
    tons/y/cap

    · Lower is better

    0.42

    April 2026

    0.66 in 2023

    +0.24
    Period: September 2023 – April 2026Last updated: April 2026