Krakow — SUM Living Lab data dashboard
SUM Living Lab
Krakow
Population
809.2K
Area (km²)
452
Shared Mobility Services in this Living Lab
Policy Measures
Push measures
Push measures are restrictions designed to discourage private car use and reduce car dominance in urban environments.
Congestion charges
Fees imposed on vehicles entering designated city areas to reduce traffic congestion.
Parking charges
Increased parking fees to discourage long-term car use and promote modal shift.
Limited traffic zone/Pedestrianisation of streets
Car-free or low-emission zones that prioritize pedestrians, cyclists, and shared mobility.
Pull measures
Pull measures are incentives and improvements that make shared mobility and public transport more attractive and accessible.
Scheduling integration in MaaS services
Coordinated schedules across transport services to streamline connections.
Ticketing integration in MaaS services
Unified or digital ticketing across services to simplify travel.
Improved NSM infrastructure, e.g. bike lanes & "park & ride"
New infrastructure like bike lanes, "park & ride" stations to support non-car travel.
On demand vehicle sharing action plan
Access to shared vehicles (cars, bikes, e-scooters) on demand via apps or stations.
Improved information about the availability of shared modes
Real-time data on vehicle availability and travel options via digital platforms.
Introduction of new NSM services
Launch of bike-sharing, scooter-sharing, or other new transport options.
Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)
Modal Split
Modal Split in vehicle kilometers
2023
2026
Modal Split in passenger kilometers
2023
2026
Modal Split in trips
2023
2026
Transport System - Time
Perceived door-to-door travel time ratio
ratio · Lower is better
taxi [off-peak]
Lower is better · ratio0.7x
Mar 2026public transport [off-peak]
Lower is better · ratio1.8x
Mar 2026bicycle [off - peak]
Lower is better · ratio0.8x
Mar 2026taxi [peak]
Lower is better · ratio0.6x
Mar 2026public transport [peak]
Lower is better · ratio1.4x
Mar 2026bicycle [peak]
Lower is better · ratio0.5x
Mar 2026Actual door-to-door travel time
ratio · Lower is better
car-sharing only
Lower is better · ratio1.1x
Jan 2026micro-mobility only
Lower is better · ratio0.9x
Jan 2026public Transport only
Lower is better · ratio1.3x
Jan 2026public transport and ride-hailing or shuttle services
Lower is better · ratio1.2x
Jan 2026Transport System - Safety/Comfort
Perceived safety diff
score · Higher is better
personal safety diff - taxi
Higher is better · score-1.46078
Mar 2026personal safety diff - public transport
Higher is better · score-1.210784
Mar 2026personal safety diff - bicycle
Higher is better · score-0.7254902
Mar 2026traffic safety diff - taxi
Higher is better · score-0.2941177
Mar 2026safety diff - public transport
Higher is better · score0.7352941
Mar 2026safety diff - bicycle
Higher is better · score-0.509804
Mar 2026Active mobility infrastructure
% · Higher is better
22%
January 2026
23% in 2023
-0.34%Multimodal integration in stations/stops
% · Higher is better
50%
January 2026
50% in 2023
0.00%User satisfaction
score · Higher is better
70%
March 2026
41% in 2023
+28.68%Transport System - Cost
Travel cost ratio
ratio · Lower is better
public transport #1
Lower is better · ratio0.5x
Jan 2026car sharing #1
Lower is better · ratio1.6x
Jan 2026micro-mobility #1
Lower is better · ratio1.1x
Jan 2026ride-hailing and shuttle services #1
Lower is better · ratio2.5x
Jan 2026ride-hailing and shuttle services #2
Lower is better · ratio1.3x
Jan 2026public transport #2
Lower is better · ratio1.3x
Jan 2026micro-mobility #2
ratio · Lower is better
0.2x
September 2023
Perceived affordability
% · Higher is better
11%
March 2026
12% in 2023
+1.34%Impact - Environment
Greenhouse emissions
· Lower is better
0.2440508
March 2026
0.3477136 in 2023
+0.10Impact - Economy
Congestion and travel delays
ratio · Lower is better
1.7x
March 2026
2.1x in 2023
+0.42x