Rotterdam — SUM Living Lab data dashboard
SUM Living Lab
Rotterdam
Population
673K
Area (km²)
314
Shared Mobility Services in this Living Lab
Policy Measures
Push measures
Push measures are restrictions designed to discourage private car use and reduce car dominance in urban environments.
Parking charges
Increased parking fees to discourage long-term car use and promote modal shift.
Restricted parking
Reductions in available public parking to limit car access, especially in central zones.
Speed limits
Lowering vehicle speed limits to improve safety and promote non-motorized travel.
Pull measures
Pull measures are incentives and improvements that make shared mobility and public transport more attractive and accessible.
Mobility hubs
Centralized locations where multiple transport modes (e.g., bikes, buses, taxis) are integrated.
Scheduling integration in MaaS services
Coordinated schedules across transport services to streamline connections.
Ticketing integration in MaaS services
Unified or digital ticketing across services to simplify travel.
Improved NSM infrastructure, e.g. bike lanes & "park & ride"
New infrastructure like bike lanes, "park & ride" stations to support non-car travel.
On demand vehicle sharing action plan
Access to shared vehicles (cars, bikes, e-scooters) on demand via apps or stations.
Dynamic pricing of NSM
Flexible pricing (e.g., cheaper off-peak rides) to balance demand and promote use.
Improved information about the availability of shared modes
Real-time data on vehicle availability and travel options via digital platforms.
Introduction of new NSM services
Launch of bike-sharing, scooter-sharing, or other new transport options.
Introduction of new PT infrastructures/lines
Deployment of new public transport lines like electric buses or tram extensions.
Dedicated parking spaces for carsharing/micromobility
Reserved spaces to support the use of shared cars or micromobility vehicles.
Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)
Modal Split
Modal Split in vehicle kilometers
2023
Modal Split in passenger kilometers
2023
Modal Split in trips
2023
Transport System - Time
Perceived door-to-door travel time ratio
ratio · Lower is better
taxi [off-peak]
Lower is better · ratio0.2x
Nov 2025public transport [off-peak]
Lower is better · ratio1.0x
Nov 2025bicycle [off - peak]
Lower is better · ratio0.7x
Nov 2025taxi [peak]
Lower is better · ratio0.2x
Nov 2025public transport [peak]
Lower is better · ratio1.0x
Nov 2025bicycle [peak]
Lower is better · ratio0.6x
Nov 2025Actual door-to-door travel time
ratio · Lower is better
car-sharing only
Lower is better · ratio1.2x
Nov 2025micro-mobility only
Lower is better · ratio0.7x
Nov 2025public Transport only
Lower is better · ratio1.7x
Nov 2025public transport and micro-mobility
Lower is better · ratio1.0x
Nov 2025Transport System - Safety/Comfort
Perceived safety diff
score · Higher is better
personal safety diff - taxi
Higher is better · score-1.15
Nov 2025personal safety diff - public transport
Higher is better · score-0.9
Dec 2025personal safety diff - bicycle
Higher is better · score-0.95
Nov 2025traffic safety diff - taxi
Higher is better · score-0.54
Nov 2025safety diff - public transport
Higher is better · score0.29
Nov 2025safety diff - bicycle
Higher is better · score-0.58
Nov 2025Multimodal integration in stations/stops
% · Higher is better
60%
November 2025
40% in 2023
+20.00%User satisfaction
score · Higher is better
77%
November 2025
85% in 2023
-7.67%Active mobility infrastructure
% · Higher is better
% · Higher is better
30%
July 2026
Transport System - Cost
Travel cost ratio
ratio · Lower is better
public transport #1
Lower is better · ratio1.0x
Nov 2025public transport #2
Lower is better · ratio1.6x
Nov 2025public transport #3
Lower is better · ratio1.5x
Nov 2025car sharing #1
Lower is better · ratio1.8x
Nov 2025micro-mobility #1
Lower is better · ratio1.5x
Nov 2025micro-mobility #2
Lower is better · ratio2.6x
Nov 2025ride-hailing and shuttle services #1
Lower is better · ratio7.2x
Nov 2025micro-mobility #3
ratio · Lower is better
4.0x
September 2023
Perceived affordability
% · Higher is better
13%
November 2025
29% in 2023
+15.90%Impact - Environment
Greenhouse emissions
· Lower is better
0.5
November 2025
0.492 in 2023
-0.01Air pollution emissions
· Lower is better
· Lower is better
0.7
July 2026
Noise hindrance
% · Lower is better
% · Lower is better
54%
July 2026
Energy consumption ratio
· Lower is better
· Lower is better
1.5
July 2026
Impact - Society
Social inclusion
% · Higher is better
% · Higher is better
97%
July 2026
Accessibility ratio
ratio · Higher is better
ratio · Higher is better
75.0x
July 2026
Impact - Economy
Profitability of MaaS platforms
% · Higher is better
% · Higher is better
0%
July 2026
Congestion and travel delays
ratio · Lower is better
ratio · Lower is better
1.9x
July 2026
Profitability of NSM operators
% · Higher is better
% · Higher is better
0%
July 2026
Operation revenue of NSMs
· Higher is better
· Higher is better
1500000
July 2026
Service utilization rate
% · Higher is better
% · Higher is better
90%
July 2026