Parking charges

Increased parking fees to discourage long-term car use and promote modal shift.

Restricted parking

Reductions in available public parking to limit car access, especially in central zones.

Speed limits

Lowering vehicle speed limits to improve safety and promote non-motorized travel.

Mobility hubs

Centralized locations where multiple transport modes (e.g., bikes, buses, taxis) are integrated.

On demand vehicle sharing action plan

Access to shared vehicles (cars, bikes, e-scooters) on demand via apps or stations.

Dynamic pricing of NSM

Flexible pricing (e.g., cheaper off-peak rides) to balance demand and promote use.

Introduction of new NSM services

Launch of bike-sharing, scooter-sharing, or other new transport options.

Introduction of new PT infrastructures/lines

Deployment of new public transport lines like electric buses or tram extensions.