Jerusalem — SUM Living Lab data dashboard
SUM Living Lab
Jerusalem
Area (km²)
1257
Policy Measures
Push measures
Push measures are restrictions designed to discourage private car use and reduce car dominance in urban environments.
Restricted parking
Reductions in available public parking to limit car access, especially in central zones.
Limited traffic zone/Pedestrianisation of streets
Car-free or low-emission zones that prioritize pedestrians, cyclists, and shared mobility.
Parking supply management
Policies that reduce or restructure parking supply to manage demand and encourage alternatives.
Speed limits
Lowering vehicle speed limits to improve safety and promote non-motorized travel.
Pull measures
Pull measures are incentives and improvements that make shared mobility and public transport more attractive and accessible.
Mobility hubs
Centralized locations where multiple transport modes (e.g., bikes, buses, taxis) are integrated.
Improved NSM infrastructure, e.g. bike lanes & "park & ride"
New infrastructure like bike lanes, "park & ride" stations to support non-car travel.
On demand vehicle sharing action plan
Access to shared vehicles (cars, bikes, e-scooters) on demand via apps or stations.
Introduction of new NSM services
Launch of bike-sharing, scooter-sharing, or other new transport options.
Introduction of new PT infrastructures/lines
Deployment of new public transport lines like electric buses or tram extensions.
Dedicated parking spaces for carsharing/micromobility
Reserved spaces to support the use of shared cars or micromobility vehicles.
Widening PT geographical area
Extending public transport coverage to reach underserved zones.
Central PT planning and construction program
Comprehensive public transport network planning to enhance coordination and efficiency.
Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)
Modal Split
Modal Split in vehicle kilometers
2017
2025
Modal Split in passenger kilometers
2017
2025
Modal Split in trips
2017
2025
Transport System - Time
Perceived door-to-door travel time ratio
ratio · Lower is better
taxi [off-peak]
Lower is better · ratio0.6x
Feb 2026public transport [off-peak]
Lower is better · ratio2.0x
Feb 2026bicycle [off - peak]
Lower is better · ratio0.6x
Feb 2026taxi [peak]
Lower is better · ratio0.5x
Feb 2026public transport [peak]
Lower is better · ratio1.5x
Feb 2026bicycle [peak]
Lower is better · ratio0.4x
Feb 2026Actual door-to-door travel time
ratio · Lower is better
1.0x
February 2026
1.0x in 2023
+0.06xTransport System - Safety/Comfort
Perceived safety diff
score · Higher is better
personal safety diff - taxi
Higher is better · score-1.26
Feb 2026personal safety diff - public transport
Higher is better · score-1.56
Feb 2026personal safety diff - bicycle
Higher is better · score-1.65
Feb 2026traffic safety diff - taxi
Higher is better · score-0.09
Feb 2026safety diff - public transport
Higher is better · score0.08
Feb 2026safety diff - bicycle
Higher is better · score-1.51
Feb 2026Active mobility infrastructure
% · Higher is better
% · Higher is better
94%
September 2023
Multimodal integration in stations/stops
% · Higher is better
% · Higher is better
0%
September 2023
User satisfaction
score · Higher is better
21%
February 2026
41% in 2023
-20.30%Transport System - Cost
Travel cost ratio
ratio · Lower is better
public transport #1
Lower is better · ratio0.6x
Feb 2026public transport #2
Lower is better · ratio0.6x
Feb 2026car sharing #1
Lower is better · ratio0.9x
Feb 2026car sharing #2
Lower is better · ratio0.4x
Feb 2026micro-mobility #1
Lower is better · ratio1.5x
Feb 2026micro-mobility #2
Lower is better · ratio1.2x
Feb 2026Perceived affordability
% · Higher is better
14%
February 2026
14% in 2023
-0.33%Impact - Environment
Greenhouse emissions
· Lower is better
1.68
February 2026
1.88 in 2023
+0.20Air pollution emissions
· Lower is better
2.35
February 2026
2.24 in 2023
-0.11Energy consumption ratio
· Lower is better
3.19
February 2026
1.39 in 2023
-1.80Impact - Economy
Congestion and travel delays
ratio · Lower is better
3.0x
March 2026
1.3x in 2023
-1.67x